Fingerprints: The Role of the Processor

Jun 1, 2003 12:00 PM, Kevin Klein

           

Fingerprint recognition is one of the primary forms of biometrics and is used in diverse applications such as cell phones, car entry and security checkpoints. Semiconductors and other embedded components play an important role in providing intelligent, cost effective solutions for designers of biometric devices.

One of the most important component choices in a biometrics system is the processor. Since one of the requirements for user convenience is a rapid identification process, fingerprint recognition systems must have sufficient performance to quickly process the necessary information. These systems are typically based on 32-bit or DSP processors with 100+ MIPS performance and the instructions necessary to quickly execute signal processing routines. Another advantage is having sufficient memory to execute the processing algorithm without having to incur the delays of accessing external memories. Finally, these devices also require general system level integration like serial communications, general purpose I/O and DMA capability.

The most expensive part of the system is the actual fingerprint sensor, the average cost of which is around $40. Fingerprint sensors may be optical or capacitive sensors. For rapid identity authentication, the sensors need to have fast capture rates, typically in the range of 10-60 frames-per-second, as well as the ability to quickly communicate sensed information to the processor unit, usually via USB, serial, or parallel interfaces.

For networked systems, Ethernet or some other network protocol is used to connect the access point systems to a central database of templates against which applicants are compared. Encryption is a useful addition to provide an additional level of security for system integrity. For standalone systems, the need for a network connection is replaced with a need for template storage. Systems like hard disk drives may be used to store many templates, or each users template may be stored on a portable medium requiring the addition of a card reader or other appropriate media interface. Other features such as displays, LEDs, and audio tones can be added to provide feedback information to the user. Systems based around low-cost, high-performance 32-bit processors can provide easy-to-use, cost-effective solutions for these applications.

Kevin Klein is the standard products marketing manager, 32-bit Embedded Control Division for Motorola.

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