THE 10 COMMANDMENTS OF PROPER LIGHTING

Oct 1, 2002 12:00 PM, By Chris Hertig and Andrew Romero

1. DESIGN LIGHTING TO ADDRESS RELEVANT THREATS

   Assess threats before planning a lighting system. Don't focus on a single threat (mugging, graffiti, or accidents) or take a defensive, minimalist response. Upon completing a threat assessment, a lighting system can be implemented to address each area of concern — and tied into access control, surveillance and overall physical security systems. Avoid a “knee-jerk” reaction to a single threat.

2. DESIGN LIGHTING TO BE PART OF PROFITABILITY

   Cost-effective protective measures require consideration of the profit efforts of the parent/client organization. An asset protection approach to designing physical security systems should take marketing concerns into account. Lighting enhances the image of environments, merchandise or attractions.

3. CHOOSE LIGHTING THAT MEETS STANDARDS

   Lighting standards are evolving. Violation of a municipal law regarding light pollution or a government regulatory requirement are unacceptable. In addition, failing to meet recognized industry or community standards could be ammunition for a plaintiff in a negligence action. Currently, lighting regulation mostly relates to light pollution. With the emphasis on Homeland security, more governmental mandates are likely. Additionally, standards set by organizations such as ASIS International will also generate standards in terms of required lighting levels.

4. ASSESS THE TOTAL COST OF LIGHTING

   Cost analysis of a lighting system includes fixture cost and labor costs to replace fixtures and lamp life. Lumens-to-watt ratios must also be calculated. This information can then be compared to potential cost savings. A cost analysis can prevent managers from going into “sticker shock” and possibly rejecting a lighting upgrade.

5. CONTROL AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF GLARE

   Glare is a natural byproduct of illumination. It can be a nuisance, a liability and a safety hazard. Alternatively, glare can also enhance protection efforts by concealing protective measures from intruders.

6. DESIGN LIGHTING AS PART OF AN OVERALL SECURITY SYSTEM

   Lighting systems are components of surveillance systems. Surveillance systems may be part of access control systems. Access control systems are part of an overall physical security system. Envision a lighting system as a part of the overall physical security system — and design it accordingly.

7. STRESS AUDITING AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS

   Lighting has limited value if it isn't functioning. Additionally, burned out lights create a negative image for a property. Continuous inspection and corrective action are necessary to ensure levels of protection are met, as well as to maintain a positive image for the environment.

8. USE HEIGHT TO YOUR BEST ADVANTAGE

   The height of fixtures determines the degree and spread of light. Proper fixture height makes lighting more effective and more energy-efficient. Appropriate height also can aid in keeping fixtures inaccessible to vandals.

9. USE BRIGHTNESS AND CONTRAST

   Atmospherics are achieved through the manipulation of in-store variables to attract or please customers. This can be accomplished by adjusting the brightness and contrast levels in lighting. Visual messages can also be sent through manipulating brightness and contrast. Such messages can relate to safety, security and marketing issues.

10. CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR POWER OUTAGES

    Well-developed plans should be tested on a continual basis. Plans should address outages lasting a few hours as well as those which go on for an extended period of time.

Chris Hertig is a Certified Protection Professional (CPP) and Certified Protection Officer Instructor (CPOI). Andrew Romero is a student at York College and is enrolled in the college's MBA in Five Program. He has completed an internship with a federal agency.

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